Engineering Data, Conversions, Charts and Formulas

Conversion Charts & Formulas

LENGTH — Basic unit is meter (m)

Metric Unit	Meters	Inches	Feet	Yards	Miles
Millimeter (mm) Centimeter (cm) Decimeter (dm) Meter (m) Decameter (dkm) Hectometer (hm) Kilometer (km)	001 .01 .1 1 10 100 1000	— .3937 3.937 39.37 393.7 3937 —	— — .3281 3.281 32.81 328.1 3281	— — .1094 1.094 10.94 109.4 1094	— — — — — — .6214

To Convert

Inch to mm
Multiply by 25.4
mm to Inch
Multiply by .03937
Feet to Inch
Multiply by .3048
Meters to Feet
Multiply by 3.281

Yards to Meters
Multiply by .9144
Meters to Yards
Multiply By 1.094
Miles to Km
Multiply by 1.609
Km to Miles
Multiply by .6214

VOLUME — Basic unit is stere (s) which is 1 cubic meter

Metric Unit	Steres	Cubic Inch	Cubic Feet	Cubic Yards
Cu. Millimeter (cu mm). Cu. Centimeter (cu cm) Cu. Decimeter (cu dm) Desistere (ds) Stere/Cu Meter (s/cu m) Decastere (dks)	.000000001 .000001 .001 .1 1 10	— .3937 3.937 39.37 393.7 3937	— — .3281 3.281 32.81 328.1	— — .1094 1.094 10.94 109.4

To Convert

Cu.In. to Cu.mm
multiply by 1639
Cu.mm to Cu.In
multiply by.000061
Cu.In. to Cu.cm
multiply by 16.39
Cu.cm to Cu.In.
multiply by .06102

Cu.Ft. to Cu.m
multiply by .0283
Cu.m to Cu.Ft.
multiply by 35.31
Cu.Yds. to Cu.m
multiply by .7646
Cu.m to Cu.yds.
multiply by 1.308

AREA — Basic unit is Centare (CA) which is 1 square meter

Metric Unit	Centares	Square Inches	Square Feet	Square Yards	Acres
Sq. Millimeter (sq.cm.) Sq. Centimeter (sq.cm.) Sq. Decemeter (sq.dm.) Centare/Sq.meter (ca/sq m) Area (a) Hectare (ha) Sq. Kilometer (sq.km)	.00001 .0001 .01 1 100 10,000 1,000,000	— .1550 15.50 1550 — — —	— — .1076 10.76 1076 — —	— — — 1.196 119.6 — —	— — — — — 2.471 247.1

To Convert

Sq. in. to sq. cm
multiply by 6.452
Sq. cm to sq. in.
multiply by .1550
Sq. Ft. to sq. m.
multiply by .0929
Sq. m. to sq. ft.
multiply by 10.76
Sq. yds to sq. m.
multiply by.8361
Sq. m. to sq. yds.
multiply by 1.196

Acres to Hectares
multiply by .4047
Hectares to Acres
multiply by 2.471
Acres to sq. km.
multiply by .004047
Sq. km to Acres
multiply by 247.1
Sq. miles to sq. km
multiply by 2.590
Sq. km to sq. miles
multiply by .3861

WEIGHT — Basic unit is gram (g)

Metric Unit	Grams	Grains	Ounces	Pounds
Milligram (mg) Centigram (cg) Decigram (dg) Gram Decagram (dkg) Hectogram (hg) Kilogram (kg) Quintal (q) Metric Ton (MT)	.001 .01 .1 1 10 100 1000 100,000 1,000,000	.01543 .1543 1.543 15.43 154.3 1543 — — —	— — — .03527 .3527 3.527 35.27 3527 —	— — — — — .22046 2.2046 220.46 2204.6

To Convert

G to CG multiply by 6.48 CG to G multiply by .1543 Ounces to G multiply by–31.103	G to Ounces multiply by .03527 Pounds to KG multiply by .4536 KG to Pounds multiply by 2.2046
Tons (2000#) to Metric Tons - multiply by .9078 Metric Tons to Tons (2000#) - multiply by 1.1023

Specific Gravity of Liquids

LIQUID	TEMP °F	SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Water (1 cu. ft. weighs 62.41 lb)	50	1.00
Brine (Sodium Chloride 25%)	32	1.20
Pennsylvania Crude Oil	80	0.85
Fuel Oil No. 1 and 2	85	0.95
Gasoline	80	0.74
Kerosene	85	0.82
Lubricating Oil SAE 10-20-30	115	0.94

LIQUID	TEMP °F	SPECIFIC GRAVITY
30% Acetic Acid	68	1.04
50% Acetic Acid	68	1.05
20% Chromic Acid	68	1.16
20% Hydrogen Peroxide	68	1.07
25% Methyl Alcohol	68	0.96
10% Nitric Acid	68	1.05
20% Nitric Acid	68	1.11

Conversion Constants

To Change	To	Multiply By
Inches ........................ Inches ........................ Feet............................ Feet............................ Yards ......................... Square inches ............. Square feet.................. Square feet.................. Square yards............... Cubic inches ............... Cubic feet.................... Cubic feet.................... Cubic yards................. Cubic inches ............... Cubic feet.................... Gallons....................... Gallons....................... Gallons....................... Pounds of water .......... Ounces....................... Pounds....................... Inches of water ............	Feet ............................... Millimeters...................... Inches............................ Yards............................. Feet ............................... Square feet ..................... Square inches................. Square yards .................. Square feet ..................... Cubic feet ....................... Cubic inches................... Cubic yards .................... Cubic feet ....................... Gallons .......................... Gallons .......................... Cubic inches................... Cubic feet ....................... Pounds of water.............. Gallons .......................... Pounds .......................... Ounces .......................... Pounds per sq.inch .........	0.0833 25.4 12 0.3333 3 0.00694 144 0.11111 9 0.00058 1728 0.03703 27 0.00433 7.48 231 0.1337 8.33 0.12004 0.0625 16 0.0361

To Change	To	Multiply By
Inches of water ............ Inches of water ............ Inches of water ............ Inches of mercury ........ Inches of mercury ........ Inches of mercury ........ Ounces per sq. inch ..... Ounces per sq. inch ..... Pounds per sq. inch..... Pounds per sq. inch..... Pounds per sq. inch..... Pounds per sq. inch..... Feet of water................ Feet of water................ Feet of water................ Atmospheres ............... Atmospheres ............... Atmospheres ............... Long Tons................... Short Tons .................. Short Tons ..................	Inches of mercury............ Ounces per sq. inch ........ Pounds per sq. foot ......... Inches of water ............... Feet of water ................... Pounds per sq. inch ........ Inches of mercury............ Inches of water ............... Inches of water ............... Feet of water ................... Inches of mercury............ Atmospheres................... Pounds per sq. inch ........ Pounds per sq. foot ......... Inches of mercury............ Pounds per sq. inch ........ Inches of mercury............ Feet of water ................... Pounds .......................... Pounds .......................... Long Tons ......................	0.0 0.5 5.2 13. 1.1 0.4 0.1 1.7 27. 2.3 2.0 0.0 0.4 62. 0.8 14. 29. 34 224 200 0.89

Volume
1 gal. (U.S.) 1 cu. ft.	= 128 fl. oz. (U.S.) = 231 cu. in. = 0.833 gal. (Brit.) = 7.48 gal. (U.S.)

Pressure
1 lb. per sq. in. 1 ft. water at 60°F 1 in. Hg at 60°F 1 lb. per sq. in.	= 2.31 ft. water at 60°F. = 2.04 in. hg at 60°F. = 0.4333 lb. per sq. in. = 0.884 in. hg at 60°F. = 0.49 lb. per sq. in. = 1.13 ft. water at 60°F. = lb. per sq. in. gauge (psig) + 14.7Absolute (psia)

Temperature
°C °F	= (°F —32) X .556 = C(1.8) + 32

Mass
1 lb. (avoir) 1 ton (short) 1 ton (long)	= 16 oz. (avoir.) = 7000 grain = 2000 lb. = 2240 lb.

Flow
1 gpm 500 lb. per hr. 1 cu. ft. per min. (cfm)	= 0.134 cu. ft. per min. = 500 lb. per hr. x sp. gr. = 1 gpm ÷ sp. gr. = 448.8 gal. per hr. (gph)